This essay presents a set of findings from the authors’ empirical studies of police relations with different racial and ethnic groups in the United States. The findings pertain to the role of race and ethnicity in policing practices and in citizens’ perceptions of and encounters with the police. The data are derived from multiple levels (national, city, neighborhood) and both qualitative and quantitative findings are presented. Comparisons are made between three key groups in the United States: whites, blacks, and Hispanics. The essay concludes with a consideration of policy implications related to the findings.